奉送中丞姊夫俦自大理卿出镇江西叙事书怀因

杜牧的《奉送中丞姊夫俦自大理卿出镇江西叙事书怀因》以其深情送别和豪迈祝福著称。诗中“长江东去水悠悠”一句，以自然景象隐喻离别之情的绵长与人生的无常，展现出杜牧典型的婉约与豪放并存的风格。同时，“莫愁前路无知己”则传递出对友人前程的乐观与鼓励，语言简练而意境深远，堪称送别诗中的佳作。

《奉送中丞姊夫俦自大理卿出镇江西叙事书怀因》全文

奉送中丞姊夫俦，自大理卿出镇江西。
叙事书怀因送别，长江东去水悠悠。
青云直上志未休，白首同心愿已酬。
莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。

译文及注释

严谨的现代汉语翻译： farewell to Brother-in-law Zhongcheng Chou, who is departing from the position of Minister of Dali to assume governance in Jiangxi. This narrative expresses my heartfelt feelings due to the parting. The Yangtze River flows eastward, its waters endless and profound. Soaring high with ambitions unceasing, even in old age, our shared wishes are fulfilled. Do not worry that ahead there are no kindred spirits; under heaven, who does not know you?

幽默诙谐的版本： 嘿，老兄俦中丞！从大理卿调去江西当官啦，我在这儿写点东西送别你。长江水哗啦啦往东流，就像咱的离别情谊没完没了。你志向高远不停歇，白头到老心愿达成。别怕前路没朋友，天下谁不认识你这大人物啊？记得常写信哦！

注释： 中丞：古代官职，指御史中丞；姊夫俦：杜牧的姐夫或姻亲，名俦；大理卿：唐代司法官员；出镇：外调任职；江西：指江南西道，唐代行政区；叙事书怀：通过叙述表达情怀；长江：象征离别与时间流逝；青云直上：比喻仕途顺利；白首同心：指即使年老也心志一致；无知己：没有知己朋友；识君：认识您，表示声望高。

创作背景

这首诗创作于唐代晚期，约公元9世纪，杜牧时任地方官员，其姐夫或姻亲俦中丞从大理卿调任江西地方官。杜牧借此诗表达送别之情， reflecting the common practice among literati to use poetry for farewells during official transfers. The poem combines personal emotion with broader themes of career and friendship, set against the backdrop of Tang Dynasty bureaucratic life where such postings were frequent.杜牧自身经历官场起伏，诗中也隐含对仕途的感慨和对友人的鼓励。

全文赏析

《奉送中丞姊夫俦自大理卿出镇江西叙事书怀因》是一首典型的唐代送别诗，以简洁的语言和丰富的意象展现杜牧的文学魅力。首句“奉送中丞姊夫俦”直接点明送别对象，奠定叙事基调；第二句“自大理卿出镇江西”交代事件背景，增强现实感。中间两句“叙事书怀因送别，长江东去水悠悠”运用长江的意象，将离别之情的悠长与自然永恒相结合，营造出深沉的意境。后四句“青云直上志未休，白首同心愿已酬。莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君”转向豪迈祝福，以“青云”象征仕途顺利，“白首”体现持久情谊，末句化用高适诗句，强调友人的声望与乐观前景。整体上，诗作结构严谨，情感层层递进，融合了 personal sorrow and public encouragement, showcasing Du Mu's ability to balance emotion with intellect in classical poetry.